Enhanced photodynamic therapy of TiO2/N-succinyl-chitosan composite for killing cancer cells

Min Ma; Lu Cheng; Ling Wang; Xing Liang; LinJiao Yang; AiPing Zhang

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902022e181116

Authors

Min Ma College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
Lu Cheng College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
Ling Wang College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China; Department of Pharmacy, Linfen Fourth People’s Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, P. R. China
Xing Liang College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
LinJiao Yang College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
AiPing Zhang College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6367-9554

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e181116

Keywords:

Photodynamic therapy, TiO2/N-succinyl-chitosan composite, Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, glioma cells (U251), Killing effect, Apoptosis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TiO₂/N-succinyl-chitosan composite (TiO₂/ NSCS) photodynamic therapy (PDT), while considering the effects of various light sources on the activation of photosensitizer. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to examine the cell survival rate of the cells. The results showed that glioma cell strain (U251) was the most sensitive cancer cell strain to TiO2/NSCS. When the concentration of TiO2/NSCS was between 0 and 800 μg·mL^-1, there was no obvious cytotoxicity to normal liver cells (HL-7702) and U251 cells. During the PDT process, the photokilling effect of TiO₂/NSCS on U251 cells under ultraviolet-A (UVA) light irradiation was stronger than that of pure TiO₂, and its killing effects were positively correlated with concentration and irradiation time. In addition, both UVA and visible light could excite TiO₂/ NSCS, which had significant killing effect on U251 cells. The results of acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescent double staining and Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining indicated that TiO2/NSCS under UVA and visible light irradiation could kill U251 cells by inducing apoptosis, and the apoptosis rate of TiO₂/NSCS treatment groups was higher than that of TiO₂ treatment groups. Therefore, TiO₂/NSCS might be used as a potential photosensitizer in PDT.

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Enhanced photodynamic therapy of TiO2/N-succinyl-chitosan composite for killing cancer cells

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