Chemical and biological properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid

Julio Cesar Macena; Daniele Fernanda  Renzi; Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902022e19517

Authors

Julio Cesar Macena Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1340-6275
Daniele Fernanda Renzi Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-6911
Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e19517%20

Keywords:

Chaparral, Clinical applications, NDGA, Toxicity

Abstract

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural product obtained by the alkaline extraction of dried plants of Larrea tridentata species. Due to the biological properties presented, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and cytotoxic capacity, this compound is being increasingly studied. In this review, it was evaluated the benefits of NDGA against different animal models. Besides that, it was found that this compound has antitumor activity similar to its synthetic derivative terameprocol in prostate tumors. The hypoglycemic effect may be evidenced by the inhibition of sugar uptake by NDGA; in obesity, studies have observed that NDGA presented a positive regulatory effect for Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-α) involved in the oxidation of hepatic fatty acids and reduced the expression of lipogenic genes. Regarding its antioxidant potential, its mechanism is related to the ability to in vitro scavenging reactive substances. Although there are several studies demonstrating the benefits of using NDGA, there are also reports of its toxicity, mainly of liver damage and nephrotoxicity.

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Chemical and biological properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid

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