Some aspects of the relationship between school and human rights in France in the 18th century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202248252932porKeywords:
Human Rights, Rightful School, Public School, Enlightenment, French RevolutionAbstract
In this article, we discuss some aspects related to the intersection between knowledge, human rights and considerations about the public school during the 18th century. For this discussion, we base ourselves on some texts by the philosophers Rousseau and Condorcet. According to the perspective of a reading of these texts, the conception of knowledge, as a process of search and investigation of the truth, influenced the perception of the need for a public school or, at least, a school, subsidized by the State, that would instruct as many people as possible within a country. In this way, the discussion about the statute
of knowledge and the intermediation in relation to its construction and transmission should also be operated with great power by the school, according to the philosophers mentioned above. The main institution that would make this happen would be a school encouraged, supported and subsidized by the State, or even an effectively public school. In the highlighted period, relating knowledge and its transmission more strongly to a public school also provided the deepening of the debate on the need for a proclamation of the natural, civil and political rights of man, to which the group was given the name of human rights humans. One of the strengths of this intersection is given in the following consideration: so that rights could be respected and guaranteed, they should be, above all, known and expanding this knowledge is a task of the school.
Downloads
References
BELHOSTE, Bruno. Condorcet les arts utiles et leur enseignement. In: CHOUILLET, Anne-Marie; CREPEL,
Pierre (org.). Condorcet: homme des lumières et de la Révolution. Paris: ENS Éditions Fontenay: Saint
Claude, 1994. p. 121-135.
BIGNOTTO, Newton. As aventuras da virtude: as ideias republicanas na França do século XVIII. São Paulo:
Companhia das Letras, 2010.
BOTO, Carlota. Instrução pública e projeto civilizador: o século XVIII como intérprete da ciência, da
infância e da escola. São Paulo: Unesp, 2017.
Educ. Pesqui., São Paulo, v. 48, e252932, 2022. 16
Rodison Roberto SANTOS
CASSIRER, Ernst. A filosofia do iluminismo. Tradução Álvaro Cabral. 2. ed. Campinas: Unicamp, 1994.
CONDORCET, Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, marquês de. Cinco memórias sobre a instrução pública.
Tradução Maria das Graças de Souza. São Paulo: Unesp, 2008.
CONDORCET, Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, marquês de. Esboço de um quadro histórico dos
progressos do espírito humano. Tradução Carlos Alberto Ribeiro de Moura. São Paulo: Unicamp, 1993.
COUTEL, Charles. L’école de Condorcet contre l’orléanisme des esprits. Paris: Ellipses, 1996.
CRÉPEL, Pierre; GILAIN, Christian (org.). Colloque international Condorcet: mathématicien, économiste,
philosophe, homme politique. Paris: Minerve, 1989.
DIDEROT, Denis; D’ALEMBERT, Jean Le Rond. Verbetes políticos da enciclopédia. Tradução Maria das
Graças de Souza. São Paulo: Discurso: Unesp, 2006.
KINTZLER, Catherine. Condorcet: l’instruction publique et la naissance du citoyen. Paris: Minerve, 1984.
ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. Considerações sobre o governo da Polônia e sua reforma projetada.
Tradução Luiz Roberto Salinas Fortes. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1982.
ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. Discurso sobre a origem e os fundamentos da desigualdade entre os
homens. Tradução Lourdes Santos Machado. São Paulo: Abril, 1973. (Os Pensadores).
ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. Economia (moral e política). In: DIDEROT, Denis; D’ALEMBERT, Jean Le Rond.
Verbetes políticos da enciclopédia. Tradução Maria das Graças de Souza. São Paulo: Discurso: Unesp,
p. 83-127.
ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. Emílio ou Da educação. Tradução Sérgio Milliet. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand
Brasil, 1995.
SOUZA, Maria das Graças de. Ilustração e história: o pensamento sobre a história no Iluminismo francês.
São Paulo: Discurso, 2001.
STAROBINSKI, Jean. A transparência o obstáculo: seguido de sete ensaios sobre Rousseau. Tradução
Maria Lucia Machado. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1991.
TOCQUEVILLE, Alexis de. O antigo regime e a revolução. Tradução Rosemary Costhek Abilio. São Paulo:
WMF Martins Fontes, 2009.
TODOROV, Tzetan. Os inimigos íntimos da democracia. Tradução Joana Angélica d’Avila Melo. São
Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2012.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Educação e Pesquisa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors assume exclusive responsibility for the concepts expressed in their articles, which do not necessarily reflect the journal’s opinion.
Permission to photocopy all or part of the material published in the journal is granted provided that the original source of publication be assigned.