Prescription errors in a primary care university unit: urgency of pharmaceutical care in Mexico

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess prescription rationality and most common prescription errors at the primary care clinic of a Mexican university.A retrospective drug utilization review of indication-prescription type was carried out. A random sample of 370 medical records of patients assisted over a year period, were reviewed. Prescription appropriateness was evaluated according to the variables: indication, dosage regimen, administration route, contraindications, interactions, medication duplicity, unnecessary or missing medications. Prescriptions were rated as appropriate (no prescription errors found) or inappropriate (at least one prescription error found). The benefit-risk ratio was calculated for each prescription. This study revealed a 58% of inappropriate prescriptions in the Mexican primary care university clinic, mostly due to errors on dosage regimen and innapropiate drug selection. As a result of chi2 analysis, it was found that the pharmacotherapeutic variables chosen for the prescription assessment in this study, were determinant in prescription appropriateness rating. Nimesulide, ciprofloxacin, ranitidine, ketorolac and paracetamol were the most prescribed drugs as well as the most common cause of errors found. The prescription error rate revealed by this study addresses the need for strategies to improve prescription's quality. Introducing pharmacists as a key part of health care team is a mean proposed to prevent medication errors and to solve the urgency of pharmaceutical care implementation in all primary care facilities in Mexico.