Cardiovascular health promotion in childhood and adolescence: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v101i6e-199841Keywords:
Childhood, Adolescence, Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Health promotion, AtherosclerosisAbstract
Atherosclerosis is now recognized as a disease that starts early, in childhood. Among the main modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, there are two disorders of nutrition and metabolism that can also affect children and adolescents, dyslipidemia and obesity. The objective was to determine if there is a positive association between the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits and the improvement of cardiovascular health in childhood and adolescence, expressed by the reduction of body fat and dyslipidemia. This study is a systematic review of the literature in the age group from 2 to 19 years old, evaluating publications from 2011 to 2021, in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The intervention was the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits, including regular physical activity and the adoption of adequate feed practices. Following the PICO anagram, the guiding question chosen was: does the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits result in improved cardiovascular health in childhood and adolescence, indicated by the reduction of body fat and the control of dyslipidemia? Of the 362 articles initially identified in the research portals, 350 were excluded and 12 were selected for the final analysis. The adoption of healthy lifestyle habits led to an improvement in cardiovascular health, expressed by a reduction in the body fat. In the case of dyslipidemia, there was disagreement among the authors and it was not possible to conclude whether the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits protects children and adolescents against these metabolic disorders. The participation of the family and schools were strategies developed in the studies that achieved the improvement of cardiovascular health among children and adolescents. The authors noted the need for intervention studies conducted over longer periods of time to implement future cardiovascular health improvement measures that are maintained into adulthood, starting from the pediatric age group.
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