Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in the pediatric population - a literature review and development of clinical cases for didactic purposes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v102iespe-203953Keywords:
Neurologic Manifestations, COVID-19, Adolescent, Child, Infant, Problem-Based Learning, Medical EducationAbstract
The COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome with different reported non-respiratory symptoms, neurological manifestations included. The nervous system impairment during the infection occurs in adults and children, yet the pediatric population has particularities in the clinical course of the disease. We discuss the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in children, developing cases to be applied in disciplines within a “problem-based” learning methodology. The proceedings of the research were developed with undergraduate medicine students in mind: a literature review on the topic was performed; then observed by the selection of 16 articles reviewed, summarized and discussed. This paper discusses proceedings, challenges and outcomes, of each stage of the research’s agenda. In the literature review, we found many neurological manifestations in the pediatric population. Other aspects relevant to the topic were also found, such as: association of comorbidities, alterations in complementary exams, prognoses and pathophysiological hypotheses. Based on the findings, we created three clinical cases for application in undergraduate studies. We concluded that the topic has great clinical and learning importance, yet more research is needed on the subject.
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Annex References
Lin JE, Asfour A, Sewell TB, Hooe B, Pryce P, Earley C, et al. Neurological issues in children with COVID-19. Neurosci Lett. 2021;743(December 2020):135567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135567
Panda PK, Sharawat IK, Panda P, Natarajan V, Bhakat R, Dawman L. Neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trop Pediatr. 2021;67(3):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmaa070
Siracusa L, Cascio A, Giordano S, Medaglia AA, Restivo GA, Pirrone I, et al. Neurological complications in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr. 2021;47(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01066-9
Raj SL, Vasanthi T, Bainensomui SR. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in children SARS-CoV- 2 encephalitis in an adolescent girl. Indian Pediatr. 2020;57:1185–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00193-0
Lindan CE, Mankad K, Ram D, Kociolek LK, Silvera VM, Boddaert N, et al. Neuroimaging manifestations in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multinational, multicentre collaborative study. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal. 2021;5(3):167-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30362-X
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