Edition & Censorship: the materiality of Sir Roger L’Estrange’s pamphlets in the early 1660s
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02672020v28d3e24Keywords:
Censorship, Polemics, Printing Press, Pamphlets, Book History, English HistoryAbstract
Sir Roger L’Estrange was an author, pamphleteer, journalist, translator and censor, whose activities had a great impact on the development of press control systems in the period of Charles II’s Restoration to the English throne. Combining both his role as the Surveyor of the Press and his writings, L’Estrange persecuted opponents of the government by means of his repressive actions and his agile pen. His printed pamphlets and newspapers were dedicated to denouncing the abuses committed by seditious authors, printers and booksellers, who produced and dispersed texts against the king and the Church aiming to agitate the people towards a new revolution. The composition of his writings, which commonly depended on the work of his bookseller and ally Henry Brome, was peculiar. His texts congregated Roman, Italic and Gothic typefaces, marginal notes and a variety of typographical signs. This multiplicity of fonts and graphic elements had important consequences on the transmission and comprehension of his messages since it associated writing/reading, visuality and orality. Even though this structure was not unusual for the polemic genre, employed to combat political and religious adversaries, it seems possible to affirm that Roger L’Estrange had a particular typographical style, which was convenient to his repressive objectives. By analyzing the materiality and textuality of his pamphlets published at the beginning of the 1660s, this article aims to discuss the implications of the author-censor role performed by L’Estrange during the Restoration.
Downloads
References
FONTES MANUSCRITAS
Public Records Office, State Papers, Domestic. PRO SP29/28/121.
Public Records Office, State Papers, Domestic. PRO SP29/28/121a.
Public Records Office, State Papers, Domestic. PRO SP29/38/123
Public Records Office, State Papers, Domestic. PRO SP29/38/124.
Public Records Office, State Papers, Domestic. PRO SP29/51/13.
Public Records Office, State Papers, Domestic. PRO SP29/78/182.
FONTES IMPRESSAS
A PHENIX, or, The Solemn League and Covenant. Edinburgh: printed in the year of covenantbreaking [1661].
AN EXACT Narrative of the Tryal and Condemnation of John Twyn, for Printing and Dispersing of a Treasonable Book, with the Tryals of Thomas Brewster, Bookseller. Simon Dover, Printer. Nathan Brooks, Bookbinder... London, Printed by Thomas Mabb for Henry Brome at the Gun in Ivy-lane. 1664.
BY THE KING. A proclamation for calling in, and suppressing of two books written by John Milton; the one intituled, Johannis Miltoni Angli pro populo Anglicano defensio, contra Claudii Anonymi aliàs Salmasii, defensionem regiam; and the other in answer to a book intituled, The pourtraicture of His Sacred Majesty in his solitude and sufferings. And also a third book intituled, The obstructors of justice, written by John Goodwin. London: printed by John Bill and Christopher Barker, printers to the Kings most Excellent Majesty, 1660.
CHARLES II. An Act for preventing the frequent Abuses in printing seditious treasonable and unlicensed Bookes and Pamphlets and for regulating of Printing and Printing Presses. In: CORBET, John. The interest of England in the matter of religion unfolded in the solution of these three questions... London: Printed by J.M. for G.T. and are to be sold at the Rose and Crown in St Pauls Church-yard, 1660.
EDWARDS, Thomas. Gangræna: or A catalogue and discovery of many of the errours, heresies, blasphemies and pernicious practices of the sectaries of this time, vented and acted in England in these four last years... London: Printed for Ralph Smith, at the signe of the Bible in Corn-hill near the Royall-Exchange, 1646.
ENIAYTOS terastios Mirabilis annus, or, The year of prodigies and wonders, being a faithful and impartial collection of severall signs that have been seen in the heavens, in the earth, and in the waters... [s. l.]: [s. n.], 1661.
GRIFFITH, Matthew. The fear of God and the King. Press'd in a sermon, preach'd at Mercers Chappell, on the 25th. of March, 1660. London: Printed for Tho: Johnson at the Golden Key in St. Pauls Church-yard, 1660.
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. A Modest Plea Both for the Caveat, and The Author of It. With Some Notes Upon Mr. James Howell, and His Sober Inspections. London, For Henry Brome at the Gun in Ivy lane. Printed Aug. 28. 1661b.
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. A short view of some remarkable transactions, leading to the happy settlement of these nations under the government of our lawfull and gracious soveraign, Charl[e] s the II, whom God preserve by Roger L'Estrange. London: Printed for Henry Brome..., 1660b.
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. Considerations and proposals in order to the regulation of the press: together with diverse instances of treasonous, and seditious pamphlets, proving the necessity thereof. By Roger L’Estrange. London: printed by A.C., June 3d. M.DC.LXIII. [1663].
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. Interested Mistaken, Or, The Holy Cheat... London, Printed for Henry Brome, at the Gun in Ivy-lane. 1661a.
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. L'Estrange his apology: with a short view, of some late and remarkable transactions, leading to the happy settlement of these nations under the government of our lawfull and gracious soveraign Charls the II. London: Printed for Henry Brome, at the Gun in Ivy-Lane, 1660a.
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. L'Estrange his vindication from the calumnies of a malitious party in Kent (relating to a commotion there in May 1648) which hee [sic] addresses to the authours and promoters of them. [London: s. n.], printed in the yeer 1649.
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. No Blinde Guides, In Answer To a seditious Pamphlet of J. Milton’s... London, Printed for Henry Brome April 20. 1660c.
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. The Observator, n. 340. London, Printed by Joanna Brome at the Gun in St. Pauls Church-yard, 17 May. 1683.
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. To the right honorable Edward Earl of Clarenden, Lord High Chancellor of England, the humble apology of Roger L'Estrange. London : printed for Henry Brome..., M. DC. LXI. [1661c].
L’ESTRANGE, Roger. Truth and loyalty vindicated, from the reproches and clamours of Mr. Edward Bagshaw. London: printed for H. Brome, and A. Seile, and are to be sold at the Gun in Ivy-lane, and over against St. Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet, June the 7th. 1662.
MARVELL, Andrew. An essay, or, A narrative of the two great fights at sea between the English and the Dutch, on the 1, 2, 3 and 4 of June, and on the 25 and 26 of July in the year of our Lord 1666. London: Printed by E.C. for Henry Brome..., 1666.
MILTON, John. Brief notes upon a late sermon, titl'd, The fear of God and the King preach'd, and since publish'd by Matthew Griffith... wherin many notorious wrestings of Scripture, and other falsities are observed / by J.M. London: [s. n.], 1660.
MILTON, John. The readie & easie vvay to establish a free Commonwealth, and the excellence therof compar'd with the inconveniences and dangers of readmitting kingship in this nation. London: printed by T.N. and are to be sold by Livewell Chapman at the Crown in Popes-Head-Alley, 1660a.
MOXON, Joseph. Mechanick exercises: or, the doctrine of handy-works. Applied to the art of printing. The second volumne [sic]. By Joseph Moxon, member of the Royal Society, and hydrographer to the King’s most excellent majesty. London: printed for Joseph Moxon on the west-side of Fleet-ditch, at the sign of Atlas, 1683.
PRICE, Owen. English Ortographie: Teaching, I. The Letters of every sort of Print. II. All Syllables made of Letters. III. Short Rules by way of Question and Answer for Spelling, Reading, Pronouncing, using the Great Letters and the Points... Oxford: Printed by L. Lichfield for Francis Tyton at the Three Daggers in Fleetstreet London, 1670.
PRYNNE, William. The re-publicans and others spurious good old cause, briefly and truly anatomized. London: [s. n.], 1659.
RAITHBY, John (ed). Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1628-80. [s. l.]: Great Britain Record Commission, 1819. Disponível em: <https://bit.ly/2Ulygsy>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
ROGERS, John. Diapoliteia. A Christian concertation with Mr. Prin, Mr. Baxter, Mr. Harrington, for the true cause of the Commonvvealth. London: printed for Livewel Chapman, at the Crown in Popes-Head-Alley, 1659.
SMITH, Francis. An account of the injurious proceedings of Sir George Jeffreys, Knt., late recorder of London, against Francis Smith, bookseller with his arbitrary carriage towards the grand-jury at Guild-Hall, Sept. 16, 1680... London: Printed for Francis Smith..., [1680].
LIVROS, ARTIGOS E TESES
ACHINSTEIN, Sharon. Texts in conflict: the press and the Civil War. In: KEEBLE, N. H. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Writing of the English Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
ARAÚJO, André de Melo. O conhecimento impresso: Práticas editoriais e estratégias comerciais nos manuais de impressão da Época Moderna. Varia Historia, v. 36, n. 70. p. 53-90, 2020.
BAKER, P. R. S. Edwards, Thomas (c. 1599–1648), Church of England clergyman and religious controversialist. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/8556>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
BARNARD, John; MCKENZIE, D.F.; BELL, Maureen (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain. V. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
BELL, Maureen. Elizabeth Calvert and the “Confederates”. Publishing History, Jan. 1, n. 32, 1992, p. 5-49.
BIRRELL, T. A. Sir Roger L’Estrange: the journalism of orality. In: BARNARD, John; MCKENZIE, D.F.; BELL, Maureen (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain. V. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
BOUZA, Fernando. Comunicação, Conhecimento e Memória na Espanha dos séculos XVI e XVII. Cultura, n. 14, 2002.
CAMPBELL, Gordon. Milton, John (1608–1674), poet and polemicist. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18800>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
CHARTIER, Roger (org.). Práticas da Leitura. São Paulo: Estação Liberdade, 2011.
CHARTIER, Roger. A mão do autor e a mente do editor. São Paulo: Unesp, 2014.
CLEGG, Cyndia Susan. Press Censorship in Caroline England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
DAVIS, Herbert Davis; CARTER, Harry Carter. Introduction. In: MOXON, Joseph. Mechanick Exercises on the Whole Art of Printing, 1683-4. Londres: Oxford University Press, 1958.
DZELZAINIS, Martin. Managing the Later Stuart Press, 1662–1696. In: HUTSON, Lorna (ed). The Oxford Handbook of English Law and Literature, 1500-1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
GREAVES, Richard L. Rogers, John (b. 1627), Fifth Monarchist writer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/23983>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
GREAVES, Richard L. Deliver us from evil: the radical underground in Britain, 1660-1663. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
HAMBURGER, Philip. The Development of the Law of Seditious Libel and the Control of the Press. Stanford Law Review, v. 37, n. 3, p. 661-765, 1985.
HANSEN, João Adolfo. Barroco, neobarroco e outras ruínas. Entrevista concedida a Joaci Pereira Furtado. Cult: Revista Brasileira de Literatura, n. 10, p. 10-66, 1998.
HARRIS, Tim. Restoration: Charles II and his kingdoms, 1660-1685. Londres: Penguin, 2006.
HILL, Christopher. O Mundo de Ponta-Cabeça: idéias radicais durante a Revolução Inglesa de 1640. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1987.
HILL, Christopher. O Século das Revoluções, 1603-1714. São Paulo: Unesp, 2012.
HUTTON, Ronald. The Restoration: a political and religious history of England and Wales 1658-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
JOHNS, Adrian. The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
KEEBLE, N. H. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Writing of the English Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
KEEBLE, N. H. The Restoration: England in the 1660s. Cornwall: Blackwell, 2002.
KITCHIN, George. Sir Roger L’Estrange: a contribution to the history of the press in the seventeenth century. Nova York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1971.
LAMONT, William. Prynne, William (1600–1669), pamphleteer and lawyer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/22854>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
LANDER, Jesse M. Inventing Polemic: religion, print and literary culture in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
LESSER, Zachary. Typographic Nostalgia: Playreading, Popularity, and Black Letter. In: STRAZNICKY, Marta (ed.). The Book f the Play: Playwrights, Stationers, and Readers in Early Modern England. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2006.
LIMA, Verônica Calsoni. “Impresso para ser vendido na Crown em Pope’s Head Alley”: Hannah Allen, Livewell Chapman e a disseminação de panfletos radicais religiosos durante a Revolução Inglesa (1646-1665). Dissertação (Mestrado em História) – Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2016.
LOVE, Harold. L’Estrange, Joyce and the Dictates of Typography. In: DUNAN-PAGE, Anne; LYNCH, Beth (eds.). Roger L’Estrange and the Making of Restoration Culture. Londres: Routledge, 2008.
LOVE, Harold. L’Estrange, Sir Roger (1616–1704), author and press censor. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/16514>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
LYNCH, Beth. Rhetoricating and Identity in L’Estrange’s Early Career, 1659-1662. In: DUNAN-PAGE, Anne; LYNCH, Beth (eds.). Roger L’Estrange and the Making of Restoration Culture. Londres: Routledge, 2008.
MALTZAHN, Nicholas von. Brome, Henry (d. 1681), bookseller. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/69222>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
MCELLIGOTT, Jason. The Book Trade, Licensing, and Censorship. In: KNOPPERS, Laura (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Literature and the English Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
MCKENZIE, D. F. Bibliography and The Sociology of Texts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
MOLLIER, Jean-Yves. A história do livro e da edição: um observatório privilegiado do mundo mental dos homens do século XVIII ao século XX. Varia História, Belo Horizonte, v. 25, n. 42, 2009, p. 521-537.
NOGUEIRA, Patrícia Moreira. “Um Catálogo De Erros Agora Em Voga”: Ortodoxia Presbiteriana, Intertextualidade e Confessionalização na obra Gangraena (1646) de Thomas Edwards. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) – Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017.
OSTRENSKY, Eunice. As revoluções do poder. São Paulo: Alameda, 2005.
PIERCE, Helen. The Devil’s Bloodhound: Roger L’Estrange Caricatured. In: HUNTER, Michael (ed.). Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation. Londres: Routledge, 2010.
PUJOL, Francisco Xavier Gil. Crónica y cuestiones de veinticinco años de debate. Revista Pedralbes, n. 17, 1997, p. 241-288.
RAVEN, James. What is the History of the Book? (What is History?). Cambridge/Malden: Polity Press 2017. [e-book]
RAYMOND, Joad. Censorship in Law and Practice in Seventeenth-Century England. In: HUTSON, Lorna (ed). The Oxford Handbook of English Law and Literature, 1500-1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
RAYMOND, Joad. Pamphlets and Pamphleteering in Early Modern Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
RICHARDSON, R. C. The debate on the English Revolution. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.
RUSSEL, Conrad (ed.). The Origins of the Civil War. Londres: Macmillan, 1973.
SANTOS JUNIOR, Jaime Fernando dos. John Rogers e a disputa pela Commonwealth: debates e polêmicas com William Prynne, Richard Baxter e James Harrington, durante a segunda república inglesa. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) – Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2014.
SMITH, Nigel. Literature & Revolution in England, 1640-1660. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.
STONE, Lawrence. Causas da Revolução Inglesa, 1529-1642. Bauru: Edusc, 2000.
TAYLOR, Darrick N. L’Estrange his life: public and persona in the life and career of Sir Roger L'Estrange, 1616-1704. Tese (Doutorado em História) – Universidade de Kansas, Lawrence, 2011.
THOMAS, Keith. The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England. In: BAUMANN, Gerd. The Written Word: Literacy in Transition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
WATT, Tessa. Cheap Print and Popular Piety, 1550-1640. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
WOOLF, D. R. Howell, James (1594?–1666), historian and political writer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/13974>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
WOOLRYCH, Austin. Britain in Revolution, 1625-1660. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
WORDEN, Blair. The English Civil Wars: 1640-1660. Londres: Phoenix, 2009.
SITES
BRITISH History Online. Disponível em: <http://www.british-history.ac.uk>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
EARLY Modern English Books Online. Disponível em: <https://search.proquest.com/eebo>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
JENSTAD, Janelle (ed.). The Early Modern London. v. 6.3. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, 2018. Disponível em: <https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca>. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2020.
OXFORD Dictionary of National Biographies. Disponível em: <https://www.oxforddnb.com/>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2020.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Verônica Calsoni Lima
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
Funding data
-
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Grant numbers 2017/06970-2;2018/03730-3
