Social movements, civil society and public space in Mozambique: a critical analysis

Abstract

The Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique and specific legislation guarantee Mozambicans various freedoms including: freedom of association, demonstration, expression, press, and the right to information. The creation of associations, commonly called civil society organizations, is encouraged. However, at the same time, their actions do not seem to be as free as enshrining in the law. The State retains the right to control limiting and repressing popular movements when it supposedly put the security of State, public order, and tranquility at risk. This essay looks at the configuration, actions and composition of Mozambican social movements and civil society. It shows that although there has been (relatively) a strengthening in recent times, the fragility that characterises Mozambican civil society remains evident – also due to country’s social, economic and political context. On the other hand, the capacity of Mozambican civil society to occupy public space and to promote citizenship is greatly reduced.