Arts and Science in 19th century: Charles Le Brun and the melancholic temperament
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-2158.i10p28-46Keywords:
Hypocritic-Galenic medicine, aesthetics, Charles Le Brun, Melancholy, Anatomy, Temperaments, Theory of humours, PhysiognomonyAbstract
In the Hippocratic-Galenic tradition, the balance of bodily humours meant a healthy condition. Those humours in different combinations resulted in temperaments. These temperaments determined the character of man, his psychological aspects, physical appearance and affections. Among the main temperaments (bloody, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic), the melancholic was the most harmful. Responsible for the most diversified psychic alterations, being the object of study of medical, anatomical treaties and artistic, literary and philosophical representations in different historical periods, since the Classic Antiquity. In the Arts field, it inspired an iconography of emotions, strengthening the intrinsic relationship between the soul and the body, especially in the expression of the face. The objective of this article is to study how the melancholic temperament appeared in the iconographic production of the artist Charles Le Brun (1619-1690). This research led to the conclusion that Le Brun transferred the knowledge of Hippocratic-Galenic medicine, physiognomony, anatomy and passions to his pictorial representations. He separated body and soul, dedicating himself to the study of passions instead of character. Besides, he was concerned with the theoretical aspects of painting.
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