Animal models for type 1 diabetes studies

Abstract

The animal models of diabetes have been used extensively in obtaining the information on this disease.The objective of this study was a literature review on the main experimental models for the study ofdiabetes mellitus. Among the experimental models for the study of diabetes, the models are chemicallyinduced by aloxan and streptozotocin, and the dose used depends on the species of the animal and itsweight. Also, there are two excellent models of spontaneous diabetes: the BB rats (Biobreading) andNOD mice (Non Obese Diabetic). The NOD mice are the most studied model of spontaneous selfimmunedisease-specific body in the world. The reasons for the preference genome of this modelinclude a well-defined, greater quantity of monoclonal reagents for the analysis of components of theimmune system and a reasonably low cost, compared with the use of rats. These mice exhibit spontaneousautoimmunity with destruction of pancreatic islets, in a manner similar to that seen in humans. Theauto-immune destruction is characterized by insulite in pancreatic islets. This infiltration is composedpredominantly of dendritic cells, macrophages, CD4 T cells, CD8 cells and B. The environmental factorstogether with the genetics, clearly alter the incidence of type 1 diabetes in experimental models spontaneous.The susceptibility of these mice is genetics and environment, emphasizing adequate housing,health, diet and gender. The incidence of diabetes in NOD mice is about four times higher in femalesthan in males. Information obtained through this excellent animal model may be relevant to the understandingof the process of the disease in humans.