Construction and validation of medical simulation scenario in teaching immunization

Abstract

Introduction: In medical education, the use of clinical simulation as a pedagogical strategy has been increasingly present in curricula. However, there is still a gap in the use of the strategy in teaching Primary Health Care topics. By recognizing the attributions of the medical professional in this context, it becomes increasingly necessary to offer simulated clinical experiences. Objective: The study aimed to construct and validate three clinical simulation scenarios in immunization for medical education. Material and methods: This is a descriptive, construction, and validation study. Three scenarios focused on immunization in Primary Health Care were built and validated, namely: immunization of adults, children, and pregnant women. All scenarios were developed based on seven criteria: prior knowledge of the learner, learning objectives, theoretical background, scenario preparation, scenario development, debriefing, and evaluation. Sixteen health professionals participated in the study. The adopted Content Validation Index (CVI) was 0.80. Results: The scenarios obtained, in all items, CVI between 87.50% to 100%, judged by physicians or nurses with experience in simulation and a minimum master's degree in health care. Conclusion: The scenarios may be replicated both in research and in the development of medical skills in students and professionals. Provided they are adapted, these scenarios may also be used for teaching other healthcare courses and professionals.