Chronic consumption of contaminated feed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide in rodents: effects on male reproductive health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.rmrp.2023.203196Keywords:
Pesticide exposure , Spermatozoa , Reproduction , Environmental exposure , RatsAbstract
Introduction: The herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world. There is evidence that this herbicide can induce deleterious effects in non-target organisms, including impairment of reproduction function. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive effects of
the chronic consumption of contaminated feed with 2,4-D in rats using food environmental spraying simulation. Methods: Animals orally exposed received nebulized chow with 2,4-D solution in different concentrations for 180 days: 0 (control - CG), 20.69 (LCG), 34.63 (MCG), or 51.66 ppm day−1 (HCG). Results: Sperm quality was impaired to 2,4-D. The percentage of sperm with progressive movement, number of sperm in the testis and daily sperm production were decreased in all exposed groups to the herbicide compared to CG. Sperm counts in the
caput/corpus and cauda epididymis were reduced in MCG and HCG, and sperm transit time was delayed in the epididymis of LCG. There was a negative impact on sperm morphology and plasma membrane integrity in MCG and HCG, respectively. Germ cell exfoliation within the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and epithelial vacuolization in epididymis were found in the HCG. Conclusion: This is the first study to describe the negative impact on male reproductive morphophysiology after chronic exposure to 2,4-D using food nebulization in environmentally relevant concentrations, based on agronomic use of the herbicide. The reproductive injuries identified raise concerns about the impacts of wide population exposure to 2,4-D.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Jamile Silveira Tomizzi Simões, Douglas Gonçalves, Gisele Alborghetti Nai, Renata Calciolari Rossi, Ana Paula Favareto
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